The Indian Air Force's (IAF) recent plan to significantly expand its fighter jet fleet with 4.5+ generation aircraft has sparked debate among defence analysts.
While acknowledging the IAF's need to modernize, some experts have raised concerns that this strategy may not be aligned with the global trend towards 5th and 6th generation fighter technology, potentially hindering India's ability to maintain technological parity in the long term.
The IAF has placed orders for 83 Tejas Mk1A and an additional 97 units of this 4.5 generation light combat aircraft, with induction planned from 2025 onwards. These jets offer improved avionics, radar, and electronic warfare capabilities compared to the original Tejas.
Furthermore, the IAF plans to acquire 200 units of the Tejas MkII between 2025 and 2035. The MkII represents a further step up, with increased range, payload, and improved stealth features.
The IAF is also looking to induct 110 medium-weight fighter jets under the MMRCA 2.0 tender, focusing on 4.5 generation aircraft. This move is seen as a strategy to replace aging fleets and maintain combat readiness while awaiting the indigenous 5th generation AMCA (Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft).
However, defence analysts argue that while this approach addresses immediate operational needs, it may not be sufficient in the rapidly evolving landscape of aerial warfare.
By the time these 4.5+ generation jets are fully integrated into the IAF, several countries will have already deployed or be in advanced stages of deploying 5th generation jets like the F-35 or J-20, with some even looking towards 6th generation concepts. This could leave India at a technological disadvantage in future conflicts.
Analysts point out that investing in 4.5+ generation jets, while necessary for maintaining squadron strength, may be less future-proof compared to prioritizing stealth technology and AI integration, hallmarks of newer generation aircraft.
They also highlight a historical pattern of India sometimes rushing acquisitions in response to regional power dynamics, potentially leading to "panic buying" rather than strategic foresight. This could become a concern if Pakistan or China significantly advance their stealth capabilities before India's AMCA project matures.
While the IAF's focus on 4.5+ generation fighters is understandable given current operational needs and budgetary constraints, it is crucial to maintain a long-term perspective. India must continue to invest in research and development for 5th and 6th generation fighter technologies to ensure it remains at the forefront of aerial warfare capabilities in the coming decades.
