The Tejas Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) program has significantly advanced Hindustan Aeronautics Limited's (HAL) expertise in composite materials, marking a crucial step forward for Indian aerospace technology.
This progress demonstrates that composites not only contribute to lighter aircraft but also play a vital role in reducing radar cross-section (RCS), enhancing stealth capabilities.
HAL's experience with composites in the Tejas program is extensive, with approximately 45% of the aircraft's structure composed of composite materials, including carbon composites. This has resulted in a significant weight reduction – up to 20% in the airframe – leading to improved fuel efficiency and extended combat range or endurance. The Tejas, with its composite construction, stands as one of the lightest fighters in its class, a testament to HAL's ability to leverage advanced materials for aerospace applications.
Beyond weight reduction, composites in the Tejas contribute significantly to reducing its RCS. Composites, particularly carbon composites, possess properties that scatter radar waves, making the aircraft less detectable by enemy radar systems. This stealth enhancement is crucial in modern combat scenarios where evading detection can be decisive. Furthermore, the Tejas incorporates design elements like radar-absorbent materials and twisted air-intake ducts to further minimize its radar signature.
While composites are generally more expensive than traditional metals like aluminum, the strategic benefits they offer often outweigh the initial cost. The investment in composites can be seen as a trade-off for long-term gains in performance, capability, and reduced operational costs due to their durability and ease of maintenance.
Comparing the Tejas to other high-end combat aircraft like the Sukhoi Su-30MKI (Flanker) highlights the value proposition of composites. While the Flanker has been a significant expenditure for the Indian Air Force, investing slightly more in the Tejas for its composite advantages could result in a substantial leap in capability, particularly in stealth and agility.
The argument for composites in the Tejas extends beyond cost-benefit analysis. It's about achieving a strategic military advantage and reducing reliance on foreign suppliers. The Tejas, with its advanced composite structure, represents an indigenous solution that strengthens India's defence capabilities and technological sovereignty.
