The CAA is specifically aimed at those people who were wronged by the specific event of "the partition of India". The muslims of the subcontinent were not wronged by the partition - they got themselves a new country.
It was the Hindus/Sikhs who were living in Lahore, Karachi, Sialkot, Sindh, Dhaka, Chittagong etc who were cheated out of their country when selfish decisions were made in Delhi to partition the homeland on religious grounds.
Consider two people living in Lahore: a Muslim (Farooq) and a Hindu (Ramlal) living side by side. Both are well to do, both own their houses and the land. Both are reputed/respected members of the community. Partition happens. And it happens on religious grounds. Who is the loser? Farooq continues to live peacefully, while Ramlal has to think about abandoning his land/property, leaving behind his ancestors land, his business, his good reputation, his standing in the community, and try to reach alive with his family members to the "new India".
Somehow he's convinced to remain behind in Lahore and reassured that there's no problem. But of course there's a problem. He no longer has the same rights as he once did. His Hindu identity locks him out of Government jobs, welfare schemes. His Hindu identity marks him out for persecution by just about everybody. His daughter is subject to getting kidnapped and converted/married by force, so he has to hide her inside the house and deny her the education/schooling. He is now a man in a foreign country. His land is no longer his. Where can he go, what can he do? His position is infinitely worse than Farooq's position.
Yes, Farooq also lost his country (undivided India), but in return he got a new country that was dedicated to him specifically (to muslims). But Ramlal? He is a net loser, simply because he's a Hindu. He lost his country, and for no fault of his other than the sheer bad luck of living in that part of India which arbitrarily became Pakistan.
So, Ramlal is the wronged party, not Farooq. And the party who has wronged him is the Govt of Undivided India. That's the real guilty party. They're the ones who allowed the partition to happen. And that too on RELIGIOUS GROUNDS. So of course the victims of a religious-partition will have to be looked at from a religious angle for compensation.
The CAA looks at victims from a religious angle, because the original crime (the partition) was perpetrated on religious grounds.
And since we in (the new, Divided) India consider ourselves as the heir or the successor state of Undivided India, we feel it is our bare minimum duty to make good some of the loss that the citizens of Undivided India suffered due to the unethical decision to partition our motherland on religious grounds.
And who suffered from the religion based partition? All the non-Muslims suffered. The Muslims got their new, exclusive, made-for-muslims-only new country, and everyone else suffered.
So, the sins of Partition have to be set right. That painful event left behind many victims, all of them being non-Muslims. So, the CAA is a bare minimum effort to try to give at least some payback, some little compensation for those who were wronged.
We cannot return the land, the property, the house, the good reputation in the community, the high social standing that Ramlal has lost. We cannot give him back the country, the land of his ancestors, that Ramlal has lost. The bare minimum compensation we can give him now is a new homeland in whatever is left of Undivided India.
We can give him the citizenship of India, and invite him to come to India and to try to put back the pieces of his life (by himself, and with no other assistance by the Indian state) that were so brutally destroyed in 1947.
So no, the muslims are definitely not eligible for the benefits under CAA. They were never the victims of 1947.
Even the muslims who remained in India were also not victims as India remained secular, and didn't persecute them for being Muslim.
It's like arguing why the victim of a rape and the rapist should be treated differently. Are both of them not human beings who should enjoy equal human rights? Are they both not equal citizens of a country? So, why should the rapist be sent to the jail alone, while the rape victim goes free? Why this discrimination? The answer lies in the historical context. There was an event in history which defined the relationship between the rapist and the victim. That's why they cannot be treated equally. Treating them differently (i.e. "discriminating between them") is all about justice.