India's next generation of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs), the S5 Class, may be equipped with a more powerful nuclear reactor than initially planned, according to sources familiar with the program.
This development suggests a significant enhancement in the capabilities of India's future underwater nuclear deterrent.
The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) has been developing a 190-megawatt (MW) pressurized light-water reactor (PWR) fueled by enriched uranium for the S5 submarines.
These submarines are projected to have a submerged displacement exceeding 13,000 tons. However, emerging information indicates that this reactor may be upgraded to meet the evolving operational demands of the S5 Class.
While the 190MW reactor is nearing completion and is considered adequate for the initial S5 submarines, particularly for their typical slow and stealthy operational profile.
The Indian Navy, working alongside BARC, is reportedly exploring the possibility of an even more potent reactor. This move is motivated by the anticipated need to power advanced weapons systems and technologies that could be integrated into future S5 submarines, requiring a greater electrical power supply.
The development of more powerful reactors, often entail advancements in areas like fuel efficiency, core design, and safety mechanisms.
It is expected that the first group of S5 submarines will utilize the 190MW reactor. However, subsequent groups could feature a more powerful nuclear power plant, contingent on the successful development of the new reactor design.
The Navy's plan is to build the S5 Class in pairs, with each pair incorporating gradual improvements and updates. This approach allows for the incorporation of new technologies and reactor enhancements over time.
Each S5 Class group is anticipated to be distinct from its forerunner, ensuring the fleet maintains its position at the forefront of naval technology. The adoption of a new, stronger reactor in later groups is a potential aspect of this strategy.
Interestingly, a modified version of the same 190MW reactor is also slated for use in India's planned nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs). These SSNs, with a submerged displacement of approximately 8,000 tons, require a reactor optimized for speed and maneuverability, highlighting the adaptability of BARC's reactor technology.
Discussions are ongoing regarding the extent of the power increase needed. Preliminary indications suggest it could surpass the 200MW threshold. While technically achievable, the integration of a larger reactor will depend on the submarine's internal capacity and potential structural modifications. As a result, the development and integration of a new reactor could take considerable time, possibly appearing in the second or third group of S5 Class submarines, post-2040.
