India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has stated that the Zorawar light tank platform possesses a flexible and scalable design. This inherent adaptability means that the current 25-tonne tank, which is undergoing developmental testing under Project Zorawar, could potentially be developed into a more powerful 32-tonne version if required by the Indian Army.
Such a move would allow for significant upgrades in firepower and engine capacity within the light tank category, reflecting DRDO's strategic planning to meet future battlefield demands.
The Zorawar light tank project, a collaboration between DRDO and private sector defence firm Larsen & Toubro (L&T), was first presented in July 2024.
Designed specifically for challenging high-altitude environments like those found along India's northern frontiers in Ladakh and Sikkim, the initial 25-tonne model prioritizes agility and the ability to be transported by air.
This version currently incorporates a 105mm turret system sourced from the Belgian company John Cockerill Defence and is powered by a Cummins engine, providing an excellent power-to-weight ratio reported to be over 35 horsepower per tonne.
DRDO officials have now clarified that the fundamental structure of the Zorawar allows for significant enhancement. It can be scaled up to a weight of 32 tonnes, enabling the integration of a larger, more potent 120mm main gun and a stronger 800-horsepower engine, specifically optimized for efficient operation at high altitudes. This confirms the design's built-in capacity for future growth.
This confirmation of scalability comes as the 25-tonne Zorawar prototype continues its testing phase. In September 2024, the tank successfully demonstrated its targeting accuracy and manoeuvrability during trials conducted in desert terrain at the Mahajan Field Firing Range.
The potential 32-tonne variant would utilize the same basic design principles but offer increased offensive capabilities and potentially enhanced protection, catering to any shifts in the Army's operational doctrine or threat perception.
"The Zorawar platform was engineered from the start with future upgrades in mind," a DRDO representative noted. "Developing a 32-tonne version equipped with a 120mm turret and an 800hp engine is well within the design's parameters, ensuring its competitiveness."
The development of an adaptable light tank like Zorawar aligns with India's broader strategic needs, particularly considering advancements made by neighbours.
China recently displayed an upgraded variant of its Type 15 light tank, reportedly weighing around 37 tonnes. This enhanced version, evolved from the original 33-35 tonne model, features a 105mm gun and a powerful 1,000hp engine.
China has deployed its Type 15 tanks along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) since border tensions escalated in 2020, highlighting the importance of specialised armour for mountain warfare.
The prospective 32-tonne Zorawar, potentially armed with a 120mm gun, aims to provide the Indian Army with a capable counter, offering superior firepower while potentially maintaining an edge in agility due to its lower projected weight compared to the upgraded Type 15.
The Indian Army's initial requirement under Project Zorawar is for 354 light tanks. An initial batch of 59 tanks is slated to be produced through the DRDO-L&T partnership.
The procurement of the remaining 295 units is planned through a competitive process under the Make-I category of India's defence acquisition procedure, encouraging indigenous manufacturing.
The current 25-tonne Zorawar, designed for rapid deployment using aircraft like the C-17 Globemaster III, is scheduled to begin user trials by August 2025, with the aim of commencing induction into service by 2027.
However, evolving battlefield scenarios, influenced by regional security dynamics and observations from modern conflicts, might lead the Army to prioritize increased lethality. This could make the 32-tonne upgrade path a more attractive option.
This heavier variant could feature a 120mm smoothbore or rifled gun capable of firing advanced ammunition types, including Anti-Tank Guided Missiles (ATGMs).
The boosted 800hp engine would ensure sustained mobility across difficult terrain, even at altitudes above 15,000 feet, by maintaining a favourable power-to-weight ratio.
Further potential enhancements for the scaled-up version could include improved Active Protection Systems (APS) to counter incoming threats, and better integration with unmanned systems like drones or loitering munitions – capabilities already planned for the 25-tonne base model.
As the Zorawar continues its comprehensive trials across diverse terrains, including desert, winter, and high-altitude conditions, DRDO expresses confidence in the platform's flexible architecture.
"While the 25-tonne configuration meets the Army's current specifications, the option to scale up to 32 tonnes ensures the platform remains relevant and prepared for future operational requirements," the official added.
With other companies like Bharat Forge also developing indigenous light tank solutions, the Indian Army's final decision may depend on how Zorawar's proven performance and upgrade potential align with its long-term strategic planning for armoured capabilities.
