State-owned aerospace and defence company Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) has shown its intention to develop a light-attack variant of the HJT-36 Sitara intermediate jet trainer.
In a statement made in August 2025, HAL Chairman and Managing Director D.K. Sunil confirmed that the company is exploring the transformation of the trainer aircraft into a versatile and cost-effective combat platform.
This strategic move aims to fulfill the operational needs of the Indian Air Force (IAF) and position the aircraft as an attractive option for international buyers in the global defence market.
The proposal to repurpose the Sitara is considered a natural progression for the platform.
HAL officials have noted that the aircraft’s design already incorporates features essential for a combat role, such as a modern mission computer that facilitates the integration of various weapon systems.
With basic munitions trials already successfully completed, the company is confident that converting the trainer into a light-attack jet is the "next logical step" in its development.
This initiative is expected to enhance India's indigenous defence capabilities by providing a multi-role aircraft that can supplement more advanced fighters.
Originally developed to train rookie pilots transitioning from basic trainers like the HPT-32 Deepak to advanced jets, the HJT-36 Sitara has been a key part of the IAF's training infrastructure.
The aircraft is engineered with a tandem-seat cockpit, a digital "glass" cockpit, and an airframe built to withstand high-G forces, preparing pilots for the demands of fourth and fifth-generation fighters like the Tejas and Rafale.
The Sitara is powered by a single NPO Saturn AL-55I engine, allowing it to reach speeds of up to Mach 0.8 and operate at altitudes of 9,000 meters.
Despite its long development cycle, which began with its first flight in 2003 and has been marked by delays, the HJT-36 program is now nearing a critical milestone.
The aircraft is approaching its Initial Operational Clearance (IOC), and HAL has already delivered six of the initial Limited Series Production units to the IAF for evaluation.
With a confirmed order of 73 aircraft from the IAF, production is anticipated to increase significantly by 2027.
This renewed focus on a light-attack version represents a strategic effort by HAL to maximize the platform's potential in response to modern warfare requirements.
The proposed combat version of the Sitara would be equipped to carry a significant arsenal. The aircraft features five hardpoints (mounting points for weapons) capable of carrying a total payload of up to 1,000 kg.
Its potential weaponry includes:
- Unguided Rockets for attacking ground targets in a close air support role.
- Precision-Guided Munitions (PGMs), such as the indigenous Smart Anti-Airfield Weapon (SAAW), for accurate strikes.
- Air-to-Air Missiles, including the Astra Mk-1, for self-defence.
- External Gun Pods for strafing ground targets.
HAL plans to leverage its extensive experience from integrating indigenous weapons on the Tejas Mk1A fighter jet to equip the Sitara with a sophisticated and effective combat suite.
Mr. Sunil highlighted that the HJT-36's inherent characteristics, such as its high maneuverability and low operational costs, make it an ideal platform for missions like counter-insurgency (COIN), border surveillance, and close air support.
Globally, there is a growing demand for such affordable light-attack aircraft that can perform these roles effectively without the high expense of deploying premier fighter jets.
To realize its full combat potential, the Sitara's airframe may require structural reinforcements to handle the stresses of combat.
Furthermore, enhancing its survivability against modern threats will necessitate upgrading its electronic warfare systems and integrating countermeasures like chaff and flares.
HAL may expedite these modifications by collaborating with private sector firms, adopting the successful outsourcing model that has been instrumental in the Tejas Mk1A program.
