The birth of independent India in 1947 was immediately followed by turmoil as the nation grappled with the partition and the integration of princely states.
One of the most critical challenges arose in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, where Pakistani forces, disguised as tribal raiders, launched a surprise attack in October 1947.
It was a moment of crisis, and the Indian Air Force (IAF), still in its infancy, played a pivotal role in securing the region, thanks largely to the courage and ingenuity of Air Commodore Meher Singh, affectionately known as "Meher Baba."
The invasion of Jammu and Kashmir began on October 22, 1947, when Pakistani forces infiltrated the state under the guise of Operation Gulmarg.
The Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, Hari Singh, faced with a rapidly deteriorating situation, acceded to India on October 26th. This accession triggered an urgent need for Indian military intervention to repel the invaders.
The mountainous terrain and lack of adequate road infrastructure presented a significant logistical challenge. The IAF, equipped with World War II-era Dakota transport aircraft, rose to the occasion.
Despite the limitations of these aircraft and the challenging conditions – high altitudes, unpredictable weather, and rudimentary airstrips – the IAF launched a daring airlift operation.
Under the leadership of Air Commodore Meher Singh, the IAF flew countless sorties to Srinagar, airlifting troops and essential supplies. The first Dakota landed in Srinagar on October 27th, carrying the 1st Battalion of the Sikh Regiment. In the following days, an entire brigade was deployed, supported by IAF fighter aircraft like Spitfires, Tempests, and Harvards.
The operation was not without its risks. The airstrip in Srinagar was little more than a dirt field, and each landing and take-off created dust storms that reduced visibility. Meher Singh, a seasoned pilot with a Distinguished Service Order (DSO) earned in World War II, led from the front, inspiring his men and ensuring the success of the mission.
The IAF's role extended beyond Srinagar. When the town of Poonch came under siege, the IAF airdropped supplies and even landed Dakotas on a makeshift airstrip built by the army and refugees.
Meher Singh's innovative thinking led to the modification of Dakotas into bombers, further bolstering the Indian Army's efforts.
In May 1948, the IAF was called upon again, this time to save Leh, the capital of Ladakh. Meher Singh, defying the limitations of his aircraft, flew a Dakota to Leh, landing on an improvised airstrip at an altitude of 11,500 feet. This daring feat secured Leh and earned Meher Singh the Maha Vir Chakra, India's second-highest military decoration.
Meher Singh's courage and leadership were recognized not only in India but also in Pakistan. PAF Air Chief Marshal Asghar Khan and Wing Commander Aizad Baksh Awan both acknowledged his exceptional flying skills and bravery.
The 1947-48 Kashmir operations showcased the IAF's ability to adapt and overcome challenges. The Dakotas, flown by skilled and courageous pilots like Meher Singh, proved instrumental in securing a strategically vital region for India. This operation remains a testament to the IAF's commitment to safeguarding the nation's sovereignty.
