Navy’s Kolkata-Class Destroyers Lacks SAM Count Compared to Global Counterparts

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The Indian Navy's Kolkata-class destroyers, while celebrated for their potent offensive capabilities, have a noticeably lower count of surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) when compared to similar-sized warships from other nations.

Though the Navy hasn't officially commented on this discrepancy, discussions with naval officials suggest a balance between cost and space constraints is the primary reason.

Powerful offensive weapons like the BrahMos missile, while crucial for the Kolkata-class destroyers' firepower, are also bulky and expensive. This trade-off results in fewer missiles being carried to keep costs in check.

This fiscal constraint extends to defensive systems as well. The MR-SAM, a widely used air defence system, is costly and faces production delays.

To bridge these gaps, the Navy is adopting a strategy of incorporating more affordable and compact Indian-made weapon systems, such as sub-sonic cruise missiles and VL-SRAMs (Vertical Launch – Short Range Surface to Air Missile). These domestically produced options are not only budget-friendly but also space-efficient.

Furthermore, the Navy, in partnership with DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation), is actively developing new weapon systems for future upgrades and integration into existing warships.

This strategic shift towards cost-effective, indigenous solutions is paving the way for a future Indian Navy fleet equipped with state-of-the-art weaponry. While current Kolkata-class destroyers might lag behind global counterparts in SAM count, this is likely a temporary compromise as India strengthens its domestic defence manufacturing capabilities and modernizes its naval fleet.
 
Not just that almost all serving warships of IN lacks the punch. Increase of VLS, Navy has been demanding.

[Edited] Our new AC lack fighter jets and multi mission helis.
Kolkata class lacks VLS, so Navy is ordering improved one.
Other warships that are 2 or more decade also lack VLS due to old design.
 
I have said it before and I'll say it again: Systems like the VL-SRSAM need to be operationalised as quickly as possible, and our destroyers and frigates need to get 32-48 such SAMs immediately (possibly by incorporating multi-packing if feasible). 32 SAMs on a 7,700 ton destroyer is honestly embarrassing.
 
We should completely indigenise MRSAM just like we are doing with brahmos. We can have a layered Air defense system consisting of MRSAM, VLSRSAM, VSHORAD on rotating turret.
 
If IN gets 6 AC's den all will be destroyed in 1 week by Pork's AIP enabled Augusta stealth subs made by DCNS France..
 
Questioning the wisdom of Indian Navy on naval armament?? Yet Navy sees the other way....Isn't it ???
16 * Brahmos se punch nahi aaya....ab kya Mike Tyson 🥊 chahiye...

P-15A & P-15B comes within the same displacement class as Daring-class & Horizon-class. Both made their own compromises & choices depending on doctrinal & operational requirements and maritime location. P-15s are all-aspect "MULTIROLE/SWINGROLE/MULTIFUNCTION". Daring & Horizon is narrower multirole.
 
We should completely indigenise MRSAM just like we are doing with brahmos. We can have a layered Air defense system consisting of MRSAM, VLSRSAM, VSHORAD on rotating turret.
I think that is the long-term plan? If DRDO's launchers for VSHORADS are anything to go by, it does look like they could be adapted into a deck-level (that is, non-penetrative) launcher for 15-18 missiles. That would be an excellent asset to have alongside the AK-630 for CIWS.
 
Questioning the wisdom of Indian Navy on naval armament?? Yet Navy sees the other way....Isn't it ???
16 * Brahmos se punch nahi aaya....ab kya Mike Tyson 🥊 chahiye...

P-15A & P-15B comes within the same displacement class as Daring-class & Horizon-class. Both made their own compromises & choices depending on doctrinal & operational requirements and maritime location. P-15s are all-aspect "MULTIROLE/SWINGROLE/MULTIFUNCTION". Daring & Horizon is narrower multirole.
The Project 15A and 15B destroyers are multi-purpose, sure. However, you can't compromise on self-defence just for having a multi-role ship. That is just a bad excuse, and a good way to lose ships.

A contrast of some destroyers of a similar displacement as the Kolkata- and Visakhapatnam-classes, along with their SAM capability, is as follows:
  1. Kolkata-, and Visakhapatnam-class: 32 VLS cells, 32 SAMs.
  2. Type 45 (Daring-class) 48-72 VLS cells, 48-72 SAMs.
  3. Horizon-class destroyer / frigate: 48 VLS cells, 48 SAMs.
  4. Type 051C, Type 052B, Type 052C: 48 SAMs.
  5. Type 052D: 64 VLS cells, up to 64 SAMs.
  6. Asahi-, and Akizuki-class: 32 VLS cells, up to 128 SR-SAMs.
  7. Sovremenny-class: 48 SAMs.
  8. Udaloy-class: 64 SAMs.
  9. Arleigh Burke-class Flight I: 90 VLS cells, up to 360 SR-SAMs. Generally a mix of SR-SAMs and MR-SAMs. Slightly higher in displacement, so take it with a grain of salt.
The Indian destroyers are woefully under-armed. You can have a multi-purpose ship, but if you can't defend said ship, then the ship has no detrimental effect on your enemy.
 
Not just that almost all serving warships of IN lacks the punch. Increase of VLS, Navy has been demanding.

[Edited] Our new AC lack fighter jets and multi mission helis.
Kolkata class lacks VLS, so Navy is ordering improved one.
Other warships that are 2 or more decade also lack VLS due to old design.
True, but as we are seeing in refits of older Chinese destroyers, it is possible to replace the arm-launchers for SAMs with VLS cells for SAMs.

Kolkata-class lacks VLS? Last I checked, the Kolkata-class has 16 BrahMos missiles in VLS cells and 32 Barak 8 VL-SAMs. It is the latter that is lacking in number.

Oh, and the Visakhapatnam-class are essentially Kolkata-class ships with more modern electronics, sensors, and a very slightly improved hull form.
 
I think that is the long-term plan? If DRDO's launchers for VSHORADS are anything to go by, it does look like they could be adapted into a deck-level (that is, non-penetrative) launcher for 15-18 missiles. That would be an excellent asset to have alongside the AK-630 for CIWS.
at this point I feel that ships are more of a liability, if You dont have large AC. In a large frigate or destroyer, most of the space is occupied by defensive weapons. Short range SAM, long range SAM, CIWS, Chaff launcher, torpedo decoy, ASW (defending against subs), mines etc. Offensive weapons are limited to missiles to take out enemy ships or ground attack missiles, which you can use to target coastal areas. Just look at russian black sea fleet. It is just a huge liability. It does nothing except it takes damage from ukrainian drones and missiles. If one country has a navy, while its enemy country does not, I dont really see the enemy country at a big disadvantage. Only exception is if the country operates large ACs. Those are tremendous force multiplier, and then it is worth it to have other ships to protect it.
 
The Indian destroyers are woefully under-armed. You can have a multi-purpose ship, but if you can't defend said ship, then the ship has no detrimental effect on your enemy.
Just as I expecting a overdose of Wikipedia numbers...... A-Z sab warship ko ek saath daal diya. WDB knew more & better and they worked on improving critical gaps -- between P-15A & P-15B.

The reason that ships of similar dimension & displacement such as Daring & Horizon carry more AD VLS is because they resort to deck-based slant-launchers for MM40 Blk.II/III & RGM-84L & AGM-184A NSM. That is a compromise on stealth, capability & flexibility. Sovremenny & Udaloy are unstealthy & cluttered. Keep the Chinese out....they're doctrinal trainwreck.

Just like Mysore & Delhi received their upgrades, P-15A & P-15B will receiver upgrades in radar, CMS, PDS on their MLU. Not all weapons onboard P-15A & P-15B are universal VLS based like RBU-6000. Hence the space-limitation. If Navy gets it universal Mk-41 like VLS, then I expect an increase. Navy has a P-18 DDG on drawing board with more VLS just to make you ecstatic.

A DDG is just more than VLS. And if VLS is the yardstick, then mount a 200-300 VLS. Having excessive no. of VLS is also a liability ---- Catastrophic Magazine Detonation due to ignition of solid propellant liquid propellant, and not munition.
 
Indian Navy Warship Design Bureau(WDB) is designing a new class of P-18 Destroyers and Frigates amd they will be in the world class warships like Arleigh Burke class containing 144 vertical launch cells.

India should fund P18 heftly to accelerate their development and productions.

MR-SAM is a very sad story indeed.
India funded 100% for its development but it did not get any TOTs or IPs for everything developed by Israel.
So we buy most important parts of front sections of Seeker and Guidance from Israel.
It is like one pays money to build his home and then keeps paying rent to live in it.
Israel is our friend but I have had to write it to make it clear about what is written in the story.
 
Biggest PROBLEM with Indian Defence and Government is that they want everything, during the process if see something new they want it. This is like a Hreedy behavior. Because of this they are achieving nothing but just talking when Pakistan is going ahead of the game. They TOTALLY LACK a AIM or what to go for. India is for last 3 Year's just running after Aircraft and Submarine projects. Still they don't know what to finalize. And basic Pakistan is already getting delivery of Aircrafts and submarines.
 
Just as I expecting a overdose of Wikipedia numbers...... A-Z sab warship ko ek saath daal diya. WDB knew more & better and they worked on improving critical gaps -- between P-15A & P-15B.

The reason that ships of similar dimension & displacement such as Daring & Horizon carry more AD VLS is because they resort to deck-based slant-launchers for MM40 Blk.II/III & RGM-84L & AGM-184A NSM. That is a compromise on stealth, capability & flexibility. Sovremenny & Udaloy are unstealthy & cluttered. Keep the Chinese out....they're doctrinal trainwreck.

Just like Mysore & Delhi received their upgrades, P-15A & P-15B will receiver upgrades in radar, CMS, PDS on their MLU. Not all weapons onboard P-15A & P-15B are universal VLS based like RBU-6000. Hence the space-limitation. If Navy gets it universal Mk-41 like VLS, then I expect an increase. Navy has a P-18 DDG on drawing board with more VLS just to make you ecstatic.

A DDG is just more than VLS. And if VLS is the yardstick, then mount a 200-300 VLS. Having excessive no. of VLS is also a liability ---- Catastrophic Magazine Detonation due to ignition of solid propellant liquid propellant, and not munition.
Boss, I am not saying we should just put our AShMs on inclined launchers. To start with, that is not a feasible solution since the BrahMos is considerably larger than a Tomahawk or a Harpoon or an Exocet, etc. For those, we need VLS.

I am also not saying we follow the example of South Korea or Japan and just stuff the ships with a few hundred missiles. That is just inviting massive attacks, and quite possibly, a catastrophic magazine explosion and sudden crisis of existence.

However, the fact also remains that these destroyers are the largest surface warships that aren't carriers, and may quite possibly be operating independently or in a small group. The Houthis have shown they can fire literally hundreds of missiles at ships.

Let's assume China decides to engage a small group of our ships. They can very well end up launching a couple of hundred cruise missiles (long range subsonic ones, mind you, which are also comparatively cheap). Do you think our ships would survive that, if they can only put up 32 SAMs apiece and use their AK-630s for around 100 seconds each?

These large surface warships would be priority targets in times of war. As such, while stuffing them full of missiles isn't a good idea, there also needs to be a credible minimum level of defensive equipment, which isn't necessarily true for now.

As for where you would put these 32 or 48 additional VLS cells for SAMs, well, there is plenty of deck space available. With some internal rearrangement and external bulwark, you can get enough space for VLS cells. Alternatively, we could also look at some new type of VLS cell that may perhaps allow for using the BrahMos / ITCM (both will be compatible to be fired from a single cell) and also allow for multi-packing of SAMs. That'd allow you a lot of flexibility.

Oh, and why exactly we continue to use the RBU-6000 on frontline warships is a matter of debate. Even with the 8.9 km ranged anti-torpedo rockets of the system, you aren't engaging a submarine, and the chances of successfully intercepting torpedoes with these unguided rockets is quite small. Just removing that system could allow for atleast 24 VLS cells just on that platform with an external bulwark. Of course, the RBU-6000s could be retained on the mid-sized frigates, ASW corvettes, etc. The problem is that this system takes up too much space for what it's worth.
 
Nothing in the Navy has punch including submarines.
Submarines, our sailors lack punch, years ago hatch of the Arihant Submarine was left open while diving. This embarrassed me. Lol.

Moreover, Indian Navy is accident prone. I remember a retired Admiral from western nation telling news Media about how Indian Navy sailors lack experience. He told it after Indian Navy ship crashed while docking in South Korea for military exercise.

I hope, Navy is improving now.😁
 
Submarines, our sailors lack punch, years ago hatch of the Arihant Submarine was left open while diving. This embarrassed me. Lol.

Moreover, Indian Navy is accident prone. I remember a retired Admiral from western nation telling news Media about how Indian Navy sailors lack experience. He told it after Indian Navy ship crashed while docking in South Korea for military exercise.

I hope, Navy is improving now.😁
Already only 10-12, due to their carelessness they are loosing them also.
 
Kolkata class>> vizag class>> p18

Looks like the author has not heard of some thing called iterative development.

Indian navy is THE smartest of the 3 arms; utilising resources best. Period.
 
I have said it before and I'll say it again: Systems like the VL-SRSAM need to be operationalised as quickly as possible, and our destroyers and frigates need to get 32-48 such SAMs immediately (possibly by incorporating multi-packing if feasible). 32 SAMs on a 7,700 ton destroyer is honestly embarrassing.
It may sound like it but here is a another key facts navy tight budget!!
they have to look after many things that's why they are investing more in indigenous system and cheaper missile!! While brahmos goods very good it's hefty price make it unaffordable to stock in larger number for the navy once cheaper missile will be mass produced navy will get that on track!!
 
Boss, I am not saying we should just put our AShMs on inclined launchers. To start with, that is not a feasible solution since the BrahMos is considerably larger than a Tomahawk or a Harpoon or an Exocet, etc. For those, we need VLS.

I am also not saying we follow the example of South Korea or Japan and just stuff the ships with a few hundred missiles. That is just inviting massive attacks, and quite possibly, a catastrophic magazine explosion and sudden crisis of existence.

However, the fact also remains that these destroyers are the largest surface warships that aren't carriers, and may quite possibly be operating independently or in a small group. The Houthis have shown they can fire literally hundreds of missiles at ships.

Let's assume China decides to engage a small group of our ships. They can very well end up launching a couple of hundred cruise missiles (long range subsonic ones, mind you, which are also comparatively cheap). Do you think our ships would survive that, if they can only put up 32 SAMs apiece and use their AK-630s for around 100 seconds each?

These large surface warships would be priority targets in times of war. As such, while stuffing them full of missiles isn't a good idea, there also needs to be a credible minimum level of defensive equipment, which isn't necessarily true for now.

As for where you would put these 32 or 48 additional VLS cells for SAMs, well, there is plenty of deck space available. With some internal rearrangement and external bulwark, you can get enough space for VLS cells. Alternatively, we could also look at some new type of VLS cell that may perhaps allow for using the BrahMos / ITCM (both will be compatible to be fired from a single cell) and also allow for multi-packing of SAMs. That'd allow you a lot of flexibility.

Oh, and why exactly we continue to use the RBU-6000 on frontline warships is a matter of debate. Even with the 8.9 km ranged anti-torpedo rockets of the system, you aren't engaging a submarine, and the chances of successfully intercepting torpedoes with these unguided rockets is quite small. Just removing that system could allow for atleast 24 VLS cells just on that platform with an external bulwark. Of course, the RBU-6000s could be retained on the mid-sized frigates, ASW corvettes, etc. The problem is that this system takes up too much space for what it's worth.
Answered in corresponding paragraphs pattern ---

Kashin & P-15 DDGs have deck-based Brahmos slant-launchers. It is "doable".

No Navy overstuffs their vessels -- South Korea or Japan. It is a misconception. RoKN & JMSDF have more VLS because they've Aegis (Ashore + Ship) and lacks terrestrial space to mount an effective networked BMD and AD. CIC, VLS, power gen & power distribution compartments are armoured w.r.t. rest of ship.

Indian DDGs have CEC. DDGs & FFGs and others operate in networked & formation - any country (unless your're outcast) anywhere they operate -- even during Prosperity Guardian. Houthis can fire any number of missiles, they're no threat to any warship, but a nuisance. French used NH-90 to shoot down a Houthi ASHM. Italian shot another down with SRGM. That's how they are lame.

If assumption is the name of the game, then let's soar higher. Where does China decides to engage a small group of "our" ships -- IOR or SCS ? China engaging Indian ships is an ACT OF WAR. Then they face Brahmos. Let's also assume that French & American naval forces come to our rescue from Reunion & Diego Garcia.

What is your estimate as to why Navy chose what they chose credible minimum level of defensive equipment? Indian Navy is the only dominant navy in IOR with CEC & OTHT capability w.r.t. Brahmos.

An 8-cell empty Brahmos VLS is called 3S-14UE1 UKSK with ~10 m and width of 2.3m. Check internal schematics of any decommissioned older ships -- Try Americans, Russian & French and their VLS. Focus especially on the underdeck vents, pipings, electricals & hydraulics, pedestals, vibration isolation mountings, fire extinguishing, maintenance hatches, hazard monitoring sensors. A picture is worth thousand words. Find out through estimation/observation whether BrahMos/ITCM will have same VLS length & dia.

In ASW domain, RBU-6000 does 4 things -- destroy the torpedo, disrupt the route, snap the wire-guidance, haywire the transducer due to explosion. They are effective in destroying torpedo -- that's why they 're on every ship. It's a sasta-tikau 212 mm aquatic mortar. In Indian ship, RBU-6000 is part of IAC MOD ‘C’ suite. You want extra AD air cover at the expense of ASW? How would your ship, working "independently" as you've mentioned, defend against a multiple HWTs fired by SSN ? How did you arrive at 24 VLS figure?

Why are you so VLS-centric? What do you want more inside a VLS --- LACM, AShM, SAM or ASW ??
What is your estimate of "adequate" no. of VLS ? If 32 is underarmed, there may arise a pitched scenario where 48 is also deficient ?
What threatens a ship more - AShM or Torpedo?
 
Biggest PROBLEM with Indian Defence and Government is that they want everything, during the process if see something new they want it. This is like a Hreedy behavior. Because of this they are achieving nothing but just talking when Pakistan is going ahead of the game. They TOTALLY LACK a AIM or what to go for. India is for last 3 Year's just running after Aircraft and Submarine projects. Still they don't know what to finalize. And basic Pakistan is already getting delivery of Aircrafts and submarines.
You mean Pakistan is receiving China junk fighters that hardly work and submarines that don’t work properly? This is to India benefit.

Also jet orders have been given. For submarines we have nuclear submarines, kalvari stealth submarines and soon with P75I they have finished assessing the AIP on Spain and Germany.
 

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