India's arms imports have seen a 4.7% increase between 2014-18 and 2019-23, with the United States becoming a significant contributor. The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) reports that while Russia remains the top arms supplier to India, the US share has grown to 11% from 2018-2022.
The US has granted India the status of "Major Defence Partner" in 2016, enabling potential access to advanced weaponry previously reserved for close allies. However, India has historically relied heavily on Russian-origin equipment, accounting for 62% of defense imports by value since 2008.
India's increased interest in US arms is driven by the need for military modernization and a counterbalance to China's regional influence. Advanced US fighter jets, drones, and missile defense systems could substantially enhance India's capabilities.
Despite potential benefits, concerns arise from the US's history of imposing sanctions or withholding aid based on shifting political priorities. Additionally, the US's relationship with Pakistan and cautious approach towards China could conflict with India's strategic autonomy.
India aims to mitigate risks by diversifying arms imports, continuing to procure weapons from Russia, France, and Israel. This approach aims to reduce reliance on any single supplier.
India's multi-billion dollar US arms purchases often include provisions for joint manufacture or technology transfer, aligning with India's goal to bolster its domestic arms industry. The Indian government has announced intentions to order $100 billion worth of weapons from the domestic arms industry over the next decade.
Recent deals include over a billion dollars for GE engines for fighter jets. However, experts suggest these deals are more about developing India's domestic weapons industry than shifting reliance from Russian equipment.
The evolving India-US defence relationship presents a complex picture. While the US offers advanced weaponry, historical precedents and geopolitical factors raise concerns about reliability and potential conflicts of interest.
India's emphasis on diversification and domestic manufacturing indicates a measured approach to mitigate risks while pursuing military modernization.
