The recent visit of a Pakistani delegation to Jammu and Kashmir, the first in five years, marks a potential turning point in the strained relationship between India and Pakistan.
This visit, focused on inspecting hydroelectric power projects under the Indus Water Treaty (IWT), coincides with Prime Minister Narendra Modi's promises of political progress in Kashmir and suggests a more pragmatic approach to bilateral relations in his third term.
A History of Tension and Treaty
The relationship between India and Pakistan has been fraught since the 2019 abrogation of Article 370, which revoked Jammu and Kashmir's special status. The IWT, a water-sharing agreement brokered by the World Bank in 1960, has been a point of contention, with disputes arising over the construction of hydroelectric projects.The Indus River, originating in Tibet and flowing through Kashmir into Pakistan, is a crucial water source for both countries. The IWT allocates the western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) to Pakistan and the eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) to India.
Signs of Change
The Pakistani delegation's visit, along with Modi's promises of elections and statehood restoration in Jammu and Kashmir, signals a potential shift in policy. Experts suggest that Modi is prioritizing stability and reconciliation in his third term, indicating a willingness to engage with Pakistan on its terms.However, the IWT remains a complex issue. Pakistan has previously objected to the design of Indian hydroelectric projects, leading to arbitration proceedings. While India has refused to participate in the Court of Arbitration, it has submitted a Memorial to the Neutral Expert appointed by the World Bank.
Looking Ahead
The upcoming Shanghai Cooperation Organisation meeting, chaired by Pakistan, presents an opportunity for further engagement between the two countries. While back-channel talks are reportedly underway, the path to improved relations remains uncertain.The visit of the Pakistani delegation and recent developments surrounding the IWT suggest a cautious optimism. Whether this marks a genuine thaw in relations or a temporary reprieve remains to be seen.
The potential shift in India's approach to Pakistan is a welcome development. While the IWT disputes and historical tensions remain significant challenges, open communication and a willingness to find common ground are essential for progress. It is crucial for both countries to prioritize cooperation and dialogue to ensure a peaceful and prosperous future for the region.
