India's decision for its next-generation submarines under Project-75I has sparked a debate regarding the integration of Vertical Launch Systems (VLS) for sub-sonic cruise missiles.
The core of the debate centers around the strategic advantages offered by VLS, such as maintaining stealth by launching missiles from underwater and enhancing offensive capabilities by allowing for rapid, multi-angle launches.
VLS vs. Traditional Launchers: A Tactical Divide
Traditional missile tubes necessitate submarines to surface for launch, jeopardizing their covertness. In contrast, VLS allows for submerged launches, maintaining the element of surprise.Moreover, VLS enables the rapid firing of multiple missiles, potentially overwhelming enemy defenses or saturating targets. The wider range of launch angles afforded by VLS provides tactical flexibility, enabling attacks from varied positions and overcoming land obstacles.
The Case for Integrating Domestic Missiles
India's existing BrahMos supersonic cruise missile and the under-development Nirbhay sub-sonic cruise missile could potentially have been integrated into the Project-75I submarines via VLS. This would not only leverage India's indigenous missile technology but also reduce reliance on foreign suppliers, potentially minimizing costs.Furthermore, VLS offers the adaptability to incorporate future advancements in missile technology, including the integration of newer, potentially hypersonic, cruise missiles.
Project-75I Contenders and VLS Omission
However, the contenders for Project-75I, Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems' (TKMS) U212 and Navantia's S-80 Plus, did not offer VLS integration for cruise missiles, unlike the KSS-III Batch 3 submarine developed by South Korea.This has led to speculation that the Indian Navy might have prioritized features such as Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) and Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) over VLS integration.
This could potentially strengthen the case for future acquisition of nuclear-powered attack submarines, which could be equipped with VLS capabilities.
Balancing Priorities and Future Implications
While the Indian Navy's decision has its justifications, the potential benefits of VLS with sub-sonic missiles like BrahMos or Nirbhay are substantial.As India continues to advance its VLS technology and domestic missile development, these factors could significantly influence choices in upcoming submarine projects.
