The Indian Air Force (IAF) aims to significantly increase its fighter aircraft strength to 60 squadrons by 2047, the year marking the centenary of India's independence.
This ambitious goal, revealed by senior IAF officials, is part of a broader strategy to bolster air dominance and national security in response to evolving global and regional challenges.
The expansion plan represents a substantial increase from the IAF's current operational capacity. To achieve this, a combination of domestic manufacturing, strategic international purchases, and advancements in aviation technology will be necessary. This approach aligns with India's overarching goal of achieving self-reliance in defense production by 2047.
Presently, the IAF operates approximately 31 fighter squadrons, falling short of the sanctioned strength of 42 squadrons. This authorized number is considered essential for effectively addressing potential threats along India's borders with China and Pakistan.
With each squadron typically consisting of 18-20 aircraft, the current IAF fleet comprises roughly 550-600 fighter jets. The existing shortfall is primarily attributed to the retirement of older aircraft, such as the MiG-21, MiG-23, and MiG-27, without timely replacements.
The IAF's current fleet is a combination of aircraft from both domestic and international sources. It includes the domestically produced Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas Mk-1, along with the Sukhoi Su-30 MKI, MiG-29, Mirage 2000, Rafale, and Jaguar. The Su-30 MKI constitutes the largest portion of the fleet, with over 260 aircraft.
The addition of modern aircraft like the Rafale (36 delivered) and the Tejas Mk-1A (83 ordered, with an additional 97 approved) represents progress in modernization. However, the rate of production and acquisition has been slow, making it difficult to fill the gap in squadron numbers. Delays in defense procurement and production have been a persistent challenge for India's military modernization.
The IAF's objective of reaching 60 squadrons by 2047 would result in a fleet of approximately 1,080 to 1,200 fighter aircraft, almost double its current size. This target is primarily motivated by the need to address growing regional threats.
China's air force is rapidly expanding, currently operating over 1,900 fighters, including advanced fifth-generation J-20 jets. Pakistan is also modernizing its air force, including its JF-17 fleet, and is considering acquiring Chinese stealth fighters.
Reaching the 60-squadron target will require the IAF to add around 500-600 new fighter jets over the next two decades. This is a considerable but potentially achievable undertaking with careful planning.
The IAF's strategy involves a blend of domestic production, collaborative development with international partners, and direct purchases to create a well-rounded and capable fleet.
A key component of the IAF's plan is the focus on domestically produced aircraft, supporting the "Make in India" and "Atmanirbhar Bharat" (Self-Reliant India) initiatives.
The LCA Tejas program, managed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), is expected to be crucial to this expansion. The IAF has already placed orders for 180 Tejas Mk-1 and Mk-1A aircraft.
The more advanced Tejas Mk-2, equipped with a GE F-414 engine, is planned for induction by the late 2020s. This 4.5-generation fighter, offering improved range, payload capacity, and avionics, is projected to constitute a significant portion of the IAF's light fighter squadrons, with a potential induction of over 200 units by 2047.
Furthermore, the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA), a fifth-generation stealth fighter currently being developed by the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) and HAL, is slated for production in the mid-2030s.
The AMCA, featuring stealth technology, supercruise capability (sustaining supersonic flight without afterburners), and advanced sensor integration, is intended to be the IAF's primary platform for air superiority and deep-strike operations. The IAF plans to acquire at least 200 AMCA units, encompassing both Mk-1 and Mk-2 versions, by 2047, creating 10-12 squadrons of stealth fighters.
While domestic production will be central to the IAF's growth, strategic international acquisitions and upgrades to existing aircraft will also be essential. The IAF is currently pursuing the Multi-Role Fighter Aircraft (MRFA) program to procure 114 new fighter jets. Potential contenders for the MRFA contract include the Rafale, F-15EX, F/A-18 Super Hornet, Typhoon, and Su-35.
The MRFA deal, anticipated to be finalized in the near future, will provide an immediate increase in the IAF's squadron numbers, allowing time for indigenous programs like the Tejas Mk-2 and AMCA to reach full operational capability.
